Harvard Referencing System

Created: December 30, 2021 9:37 AM
Forest status: #soil
Last Edited: December 30, 2021 10:12 AM
Retention Rating: #1⭐
Review Due: January 12, 2022 10:12 AM

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The MMU Harvard style:

• in-text citation and corresponding references in the reference list should be included for every source paraphrased, summarised or quoted.
• Author and year of publication should be included in the citation
• Page numbers should be included in the citation when the text is directly quoted or when an illustration is used from a source
• Details of the source should be included within the reference
• Bibliography is only included for longer pieces of work, such as dissertations. This should include sources cited and sources not cited in the main text of the assignment.

References should appear in alphabetical order and presented like:

Arthur, C. (2012) ‘YouTube loses music clip copyright battle in court.’ The Guardian. [Online] 24th April [Accessed on 24th April 2012] http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2012/apr/20/youtube-music-clip-copyright-court

Barnes, M. and Brannelly, T. (2008) ‘Achieving care and social justice for people with dementia.’ Nursing Ethics, 15(3) pp. 384-395.

BBC. (2009) Teenage obesity link to future MS. [Online] [Accessed on 13th January 2010] http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/8342585.stm

Corrigan, P. W. and Rao, D. (2012) ‘On the self-stigma of mental illness: stages, disclosure, and strategies for change.’ Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 57(8) pp. 464–469.

Corrigan, P. W., Edwards, A. B., Green, A., Diwan, S. L. and Penn, D. L. (2001) ‘Prejudice, social distance, and familiarity with mental illness.’ Schizophrenia Bulletin, 27(2) pp. 219-225.

Citations should be presented like:

• the author and year included in brackets at the end of the statement:

  Recording personal achievements can be used a reflective tool and can help an individual identify their own skills and expertise (Cottrell, 2015).

• or if the author’s name is included, the year should be included in brackets following the surname:

  Cottrell (2015) suggests that recording personal achievements can be used as a reflective tool and can help an individual identify their own skills and expertise.

• When using direct quotes with page numbers:

  When critically evaluating other’s work it’s important to use ‘tact and a constructive approach…’ (Cottrell, 2005:97).

Quotations of under 20 words should be embedded in the text:

For an individual to manage their workload effectively, a plan can be devised to tackle daily, weekly and monthly commitments. Within this framework, individuals can identify issues that ‘…arise in the course of your study and prioritise them with the most serious on top’ (Whitehead and Mason, 2003:27).

Quotes of more than 20 words should be indented and placed in a separate paragraph:

The use of interviews to study those at the ‘top’ of any stratification system, be it in sport, academia, social status, religion, beauty or whatever. In practice, however, elite research focuses mainly on political and economic notables. The study of elites touches on some of the major and perennial issues of social analysis. The views and activities of generals, businessmen, politicians and church leaders have been of concern to social thinkers since the earliest days of Western thought.

General rules

• single quotation marks
• unaltered with italics, underlining or emboldened formatting, except for specific words, which should then be indicated in the citation reference. e.g. (Francis, 2021:101 emphasis added)
• If the information runs onto two pages, use both page numbers. e.g.: (2021:1-2)
• Inserted words should be added in square brackets and should make grammatical sense.

Harvard Referencing System

Created: December 30, 2021 9:37 AM
Forest status: #soil
Last Edited: December 30, 2021 10:12 AM
Retention Rating: #1⭐
Review Due: January 12, 2022 10:12 AM

Loading...

The MMU Harvard style:

• in-text citation and corresponding references in the reference list should be included for every source paraphrased, summarised or quoted.
• Author and year of publication should be included in the citation
• Page numbers should be included in the citation when the text is directly quoted or when an illustration is used from a source
• Details of the source should be included within the reference
• Bibliography is only included for longer pieces of work, such as dissertations. This should include sources cited and sources not cited in the main text of the assignment.

References should appear in alphabetical order and presented like:

Arthur, C. (2012) ‘YouTube loses music clip copyright battle in court.’ The Guardian. [Online] 24th April [Accessed on 24th April 2012] http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2012/apr/20/youtube-music-clip-copyright-court

Barnes, M. and Brannelly, T. (2008) ‘Achieving care and social justice for people with dementia.’ Nursing Ethics, 15(3) pp. 384-395.

BBC. (2009) Teenage obesity link to future MS. [Online] [Accessed on 13th January 2010] http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/8342585.stm

Corrigan, P. W. and Rao, D. (2012) ‘On the self-stigma of mental illness: stages, disclosure, and strategies for change.’ Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 57(8) pp. 464–469.

Corrigan, P. W., Edwards, A. B., Green, A., Diwan, S. L. and Penn, D. L. (2001) ‘Prejudice, social distance, and familiarity with mental illness.’ Schizophrenia Bulletin, 27(2) pp. 219-225.

Citations should be presented like:

• the author and year included in brackets at the end of the statement:

  Recording personal achievements can be used a reflective tool and can help an individual identify their own skills and expertise (Cottrell, 2015).

• or if the author’s name is included, the year should be included in brackets following the surname:

  Cottrell (2015) suggests that recording personal achievements can be used as a reflective tool and can help an individual identify their own skills and expertise.

• When using direct quotes with page numbers:

  When critically evaluating other’s work it’s important to use ‘tact and a constructive approach…’ (Cottrell, 2005:97).

Quotations of under 20 words should be embedded in the text:

For an individual to manage their workload effectively, a plan can be devised to tackle daily, weekly and monthly commitments. Within this framework, individuals can identify issues that ‘…arise in the course of your study and prioritise them with the most serious on top’ (Whitehead and Mason, 2003:27).

Quotes of more than 20 words should be indented and placed in a separate paragraph:

The use of interviews to study those at the ‘top’ of any stratification system, be it in sport, academia, social status, religion, beauty or whatever. In practice, however, elite research focuses mainly on political and economic notables. The study of elites touches on some of the major and perennial issues of social analysis. The views and activities of generals, businessmen, politicians and church leaders have been of concern to social thinkers since the earliest days of Western thought.

General rules

• single quotation marks
• unaltered with italics, underlining or emboldened formatting, except for specific words, which should then be indicated in the citation reference. e.g. (Francis, 2021:101 emphasis added)
• If the information runs onto two pages, use both page numbers. e.g.: (2021:1-2)
• Inserted words should be added in square brackets and should make grammatical sense.